The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland occupies most of the territory of the British Isles. It is very small compared with many other countries in the world. However there are only fourteen other countries in the world with more people. Its population is over 57 million. The United Kingdom consists of four main parts which are: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.
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| The flag of the United Kingdom, known as the Union Jack, is made up of three crosses: the cross of St. George (the patron saint of England), the cross of St. Andrew (the patron saint of Scotland) and the cross of St. Patrick (the patron saint of Ireland). |  |
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England
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 Flag of England. |
One of the four parts which make up Great Britain England is the largest, the industrial and most densely populated part of the United Kingdom. Its population is over 46 million. Many of them live in big industrial cities like London, Manchester and Liverpool. Northern England, Midlands and Southern England – each part of England is different. The Lake District in Northern England with its lakes, mountains and valleys is a favourite holiday area. The Midland plain makes good farmland. In Southern England one can find traces of ancient monuments such as Stonehenge. There are many lonely hills, quiet rivers, deep lakes in this part of the country. England is an unusually beautiful country. |
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 London. |
 Stonehenge. |
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Scotland
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 Flag of Scotland. |
Scotland is the most northern part of the island of Great Britain and is not far away from the Arctic Circle. Its population is a little over 5 million people. Scotland is divided into three regions: the Highlands, the Lowlands and the Southern Uplands. Most of the population of the country is concentrated in the Lowlands. The capital of Scotland is Edinburgh. It is associated with the names of George Gordon Byron and Walter Scott, Robert Louis Stevenson, Robert Burns and Arthur Conan Doyle, creator of Sherlock Holmes. |
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 Scotland highland bridge. |
 Edinburgh. |
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Wales
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 Flag of Wales. |
Wales is another constituent country of the United Kingdom. It is a highland country of old, hard rocks. North Wales is a country of mountains and deep valleys, South Wales is a land of high hills and wide valleys. The pride of Wales in scenery is Snowdonia, a region of high mountains. The capital of Wales is Cardiff, the largest city of Wales. Cardiff is situated near the mouth of the Taff River. It is an important industrial city and a port. Wales has its own flag called the Welsh dragon. |
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 Snowdonia. |
 Cardiff. |
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Northern Ireland
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 Flag of Northern Ireland. |
Northern Ireland is the smallest component of the United Kingdom. It occupies the northeast of the island of Ireland, only one-sixth of its territory. There are low hills and peaks of rocks in the northwest, while the northeast sector of the island is a plateau. The rivers of Ireland are short, but deep. The largest river is the Shannon. The winds that blow in from the Atlantic Ocean make the air and soil warm and damp. Grass grows well in such a climate and it makes the island look so green and beautiful. Irish poets call Ireland "the Emerald Isle”. Belfast, the capital of Northern Ireland is the leading industrial centre and a large port. |
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 Belfast. |
 The Shannon river. |
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Round-Up Lesson "Great Britain and its Capital London"
